Introduction
ITS, or intelligent transportation systems, is a nascent transportation system made up of roads, cars, and a sophisticated information and communications network for users.
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| Introduction to intelligent transportation system (ITS) |
The combined use of cutting-edge
sensors, computers, communications, and electronics is known as information and
communication technology, or ITS. These apps increase the efficiency and safety
of the transportation system while giving travelers vital information.
In addition to the conventional
criteria of preserving arc/node topology, two-dimensional geo-referencing, and
linear referencing of events inside transportation features, ITS provides new
needs for transportation databases.
When an ITS is completely
developed, it needs a high-integrity, real-time information system that can
process inputs from cars fitted with GPS receivers and from sensors embedded in
transportation facilities.
A system of databases will be
updated on a regular basis to preserve a dynamic model of the integrated,
multimodal transportation system. Travelers will be able to access real-time
traffic management devices like timed traffic lights and variable message
signage, as well as route information and navigation, thanks to this data.
Requirements for ITS data might also extend far beyond preserving the
functionality of individual transportation system elements. In addition to the
conventional criteria of preserving arc/node topology, two-dimensional
geo-referencing, and linear referencing of events inside transportation
features, ITS provides new needs for transportation databases.
When an ITS is completely
developed, it needs a high-integrity, real-time information system that can
process inputs from cars fitted with GPS receivers and from sensors embedded in
transportation facilities.
A system of databases will be
updated on a regular basis to preserve a dynamic model of the integrated,
multimodal transportation system. Travelers will be able to access real-time
traffic management devices like timed traffic lights and variable message
signage, as well as route information and navigation, thanks to this data.
Requirements for ITS data might also extend far beyond preserving the
functionality of individual transportation system elements.
Need of ITS
• To address societal issues
resulting from traffic.
• To get the economy going.
• To arrive at a sophisticated
information and communication civilization.
• Coordination of various kinds
of transportation.
• In order to lessen driver run.
• To prevent wait times.
• In order to lessen traffic
issues.
Functional Requirements of ITS Databases
The various ITS databases need
to be integrated in a way that makes sense to travelers.
Navigable data models—that is, data models that can identify a vehicle inside the map reference frame and perform navigational operations based on this position and additional information regarding the system's expected and actual performance—are necessary for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
It is necessary for the different data to be seamlessly integrated within and between ITS jurisdictions. Finally, the data needs to be interoperable, which means that different ITS and heterogeneous system components should be able to easily share and access it.
We have been attempting to
address many of these issues for years by simply expanding the number of
freeways. While adding more concrete and asphalt to the mix increased capacity,
it did not solve the fundamental issues with our transportation infrastructure.
We need to find a new approach to transportation issues if we are to meet the
demands of the environment and the economy for a national system.
In the context of ITS, positioning systems measures the location of cars, trucks, automobiles, buses, and trains. Examples of positioning systems include Loran, Omega, the Global Positioning System (GPS), radar, sonar, terrestrial vehicle tracking systems, and Dead Reckoning (DR) systems.
Positioning systems are used in
ITS to determine the locations of cars, trucks, vehicles, buses, and trains.
The Global Positioning System (GPS), Loran, Omega, radar, sonar, terrestrial
vehicle tracking systems, and Dead Reckoning (DR) systems are a few examples of
positioning systems.
Europe, Japan, and the United
States all have sizable ITS research and development initiatives. There is also
ITS activity in Australia and other nations, but on a lower scale.
In information technology, there are five functional areas as per the ITS America Strategic Plan.
1. Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS):
In order to manage traffic on the
transportation network, advanced traffic control systems (ACTMS) will play a
key role. These systems will phase all traffic lights in a specific area,
giving vehicles the ability to drive in a "green wave." Additionally,
ATMS will incorporate management systems and other systems like freeway ramp
metering.
2. Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS):
Information delivery systems that
go straight to the passenger. Route advice, which tells the driver the optimal
path to take while taking into consideration traffic conditions in order to
reach a specific location, will be a crucial service. Further helpful data,
including the locations of neighboring eateries, the availability of parking
spaces, and other geographically pertinent information, will also be available.
3. Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS):
Among the functional areas, these
are the most ambitious. In the end, computer control of the car will be
required so that it can drive on the highway without the need for human
interaction. This functional area will include intelligent cruise control and
collision warning technologies in the near future. Car makers are already
showcasing examples of the latter technology; test vehicles are able to keep a
consistent distance from the vehicle in front of them.
4. Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO):
It entails the use of
computer-aided dispatch systems in conjunction with automatic vehicle location
systems to provide advanced fleet management for commercial vehicles. These
systems offer enhanced driver safety together with more effective scheduling and
dispatch. Such systems are already in use as examples. Fleets of emergency
vehicles, including police cars, fire engines, and ambulances, can also use
these systems.
5. Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS):
It entails the creation of
specialized control and information systems for public transportation. These
will enable smart card fare payment, give passengers information on the arrival
timings of buses and trains, and offer significantly greater operational
efficiency. Furthermore, buses and trams will be able to receive higher
priority through the usage of ATMS and ATIS. Additionally, it is anticipated
that in this area, customized public transportation would emerge, offering a
service that falls somewhere between the prices, schedules, and accessibility
of cabs and buses.
Different Technologies Required in ITS
Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS) employ "well-established technologies in communications,
control, electronics and computer hardware and software to improve surface
transportation system performance," according to the US Department of Transportation's
definition.
Central to Most ITS Activities are Four Categories of Technologies:
1. Sensing: The capacity to
monitor the location and velocity of automobiles utilizing the infrastructure,
such as roads, railroads, bridges, and tunnels.
2. Communicating: The capacity to
exchange data both within and between infrastructure and centralized
transportation operations and management centers, as well as between cars and
infrastructure.
3. Computing: The capacity to
analyze and convey vast volumes of data in order to draw findings and make
judgments.
4. Algorithms: Computer programs
that analyze data acquired by ITS and create transportation facility operating
plans.
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