Cement Manufacturing Process

There are six basic stages of cement manufacturing process.

Stage 1:Raw Material Extraction/Quarry

The raw cement ingredients needed for the production of cement are limestone (calcium), sand and clay (silicon, aluminum, iron), slate, fly ash, inlays and bauxite. The mineral rocks are extracted and crushed into smaller pieces of approximately 6 inches. The secondary crushers or hammer mills reduce them to an even smaller size of 3 inches.

Uses of Cement

Cement is a very useful binding material in construction. The applications of cement in various fields of construction have made it a very important civil engineering material.

What is Cement? and chemical bond

Cement is the most important building materials it is a binding agent that sets and hardens to adhere to building units like stones, bricks, tiles and many more. Cement generally refer as a very fine powder substance very chiefly made up of limestone (calcium), sand or clay (silicon), aluminum and iron ore and may include shells, chalk, marl, shale, clay, blast furnace slag, slate.

What is Surveying ?

The inspection, the first step to start a new civil engineering project, is a very important branch of civil engineering. To understand the techniques of surveying a student, you should carefully study the basic concepts of it. To begin to learn the topography one must begin with the definition of topography and its importance.

Types of Raft Foundations.

Types of Raft Foundation

Various types of Raft foundation used depending on the condition of soil and the load transfer mechanism on the foundation. 
Followings are the different types of raft foundation used in construction:

What is the Raft Foundation? and its working principal.

Raft foundation is a thick concrete slab resting on a large area reinforced with steel in support with columns or walls and transfer loads from the structure to the soil. Mat foundation is spread over the entire area of the structure.

Difference Between Shallow And Deep foundations

There are various types of foundations but they are categories under shallow and deep foundations. Following difference represent the difference of both types of foundations in relation with the definitions, depth, cost, feasibility, mechanism of load transfer, advantage and disadvantage.